OSTEOARTHRITIS: not a disease, is a natural degenerative process affecting the articular cartilage and bone beneath the cartilage, which "advocates" forming bony growths called osteophytes ("parrot beaks"), but these do nothing but limit mobility, compressing nerves , reducing the height by the loss of cartilage that lies between the bones, etc. This generates more and more pain, stiffness, joint deformations, cracks by friction between the bones in your carilago worn and limitation of movements. In some cases there may be swelling, and that while osteoarthritis is an inflammatory process, the synovial membrane that lines joints and secretes synovial fluid (joint lubricant) can become irritated and inflamed, causing a spill of intraarticular fluid. It can affect any joint, the most frequent being the hip, knee, cervical and lumbar spine and hands. Where that generates a significant disability, performed joint replacement surgeries, especially hip and knee (see below). OSTEOPOROSIS: means porous bone, or decrease in the density and quality of bone (bone disease) that become brittle and porous and are more susceptible to fractures (hip, spine, wrist, etc.).. Occurs more frequently in postmenopausal women due to decreased estrogen, which causes loss bone and that these hormones act on bone metabolism by preventing calcium loss and maintaining this consistency, also counteract the action of other hormones that promote bone resorption. The OSTEOPENIA also means loss of bone mass to a lesser extent than osteoporosis, but may be a precursor of the latter (as densitometry studies-see below-diagnose one or the other.) It is a "wake-up call" to stop osteoporosis. BREAKING: broken a bone, which is separated into one or more fragments, if there is broken without this separation is only a "crack", called fissures. Fractures caused by trauma whose violence exceeds resilience of a bone. If the fracture communicates with the outside through a soft herder called fracture. Symptoms: pain, abnormal mobility, deformity, crepitus, functional impotence, hematoma (accumulation of blood caused by ruptured blood vessels), edema, there may be vascular and nerve injuries. It's called a green stick fracture curvature appears fractured bone on the convex side or that fractures on one side, occurs in some children's bones and that they still do not have hard bones as an adult, then double as a branch. Some complications of fractures, if there is a delay in bone healing is called delayed union (causes osteoporosis, inadequate immobilization, poor irrigation, infection, etc.) is interrupted bone formation is called pseudoarthrosis (causes: faulty surgery, early cessation of immobilization, soft tissue interposition, etc.). , when the fracture from injured soft tissues (muscles, ligaments, etc.) forms a hematoma that regresses to form bone tissue LlMA heterotopic ossification, joint stiffness with pain and limited mobility. DISLOCATION (DISLOCATION): loss of total and permanent contact between joint surfaces, occurs when a joint is being "beyond" of what makes his move and injured ligaments. Subluxation is the partial loss of contact and permanent. Symptoms: pain, functional disability, joint deformity, hematoma, nerve injury can be. Also, a tendon may dislocate, one of the most common is the peroneal leg, a rupture of the sheath that covers tendons popping over the ankle causing a click. In other tendons and the biceps is preferable to talk of instability when "out" of your slide. Sprain (sprain): In contrast to the dislocation, the bones do not separate or split up temporarily, but may be damaged ligaments. They may be mild, moderate or severe. Symptoms general pain, inflammation, edema, hematoma, loss of function. TEAR: muscle or tendon rupture, can range from a small tear to a complete rupture. Are caused by a sudden contraction or elongation. General symptoms: pain, hematoma, sometimes loss of function. Causes: poor warm-up, exercising beyond fatigue, overtraining, physical exhaustion, etc. Tendinitis: Inflammation of a tendon (insertion point of a muscle on the bone). Tendinosis is a process of attrition suffered a tendon. Symptoms: inflammation (see Inflammation). There are tendons that are involved in a kind of membrane called synovial sheath, the inflammation is known as tenosynovitis (one of the most common is the "De Quervain stenosing tenosynovitis of the wrist"). CONTRACTURE: the involuntary and sustained contraction of some muscle fibers or bundles, not muscle injury but painful and covers an area bounded thereof, palpation can feel a kind of node (hardness-see article below-) in area, but instead the cramp is a contraction of a large sector and that unlike muscular contracture shortening of joint sectors, there is usually severe fatigue After a careful. Sciatica: pain in the sciatic nerve path (Has its roots in the lumbosacral spine and then down the buttock, thigh, leg and foot). (See below sciatica). Bursitis: inflammation of a bursa or bursa (the membrane is near a joint that allows sliding between structures (bones, tendons, ligaments, muscles). Seats with more frequency in the shoulder, hip (trochanters) , knee and elbow. OSTEOCHONDRITIS: necrosis is a localized area of \u200b\u200bsubchondral bone (beneath the cartilage) producing degenerative changes in the cartilage that covers and can cause the release of fragments within the joint. It differs from Osteoarthritis is that in this there is a generalized process of the joint. In adults is very common in athletes and consequences of unresolved trauma. It typically occurs in the knee. Symptoms: Knee pain, leakage of fluid in the joint, limited mobility, poor articulation. PERIOSTITIS: inflammation of the periosteum (fibrovascular membrane covering the bones, except for the insertion of ligaments and tendons and joint surfaces.) The most common is that of the tibia (shin splints) which is characterized by pain in the anteromedial leg. It occurs mainly in corridors and their causes may be: overtraining, repeated trauma, lack of stretching or elongation poorly made, poorly fitting shoes, flat feet, etc. OSTEOMYELITIS: infection of the bone (cortical and bone marrow) usually produced by bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms).
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